Assignment vs. Sublease: What Are the Key Differences?

When leasing property, you might encounter situations where you need to transfer your lease or share your rented space. Assigning a lease and subletting are potential solutions, but you should first understand their implications.

In this article, we explore the differences between a lease assignment and sublease, explain how these arrangements work, and discuss the rights and responsibilities they entail.

What Is a Lease Assignment?

A lease assignment is when the tenant transfers all their rights and obligations under a lease agreement to another party. The new tenant (the “assignee”) accepts all of the responsibilities and benefits of the leased property.

The assignment of a lease helps you when you need to get out of a lease before it expires. For example, suppose you’ve signed a 12-month lease for a commercial space. If your business relocates after six months and needs to get out of the commercial lease early, you can assign the lease to another entity to relieve your company from the lease responsibility.

What Is a Sublease?

A sublease agreement lets a tenant rent out all or part of their rented property to another person (the “subtenant” or “sublessee”). This arrangement is beneficial when you (as the direct tenant) need to temporarily vacate your rental unit or share the space with someone else. Subletting offers flexibility for short-term housing needs and can help you avoid breaking your lease.

When you enter a sublease, you’ll still be responsible for fulfilling the terms of your original lease, including paying rent and maintaining your unit. Additionally, you’ll assume landlord-like duties toward your subtenant, such as addressing maintenance issues and collecting rent.

Assignment vs. Sublease: Key Differences

Here are the key differences between a lease assignment and a sublease:

• Parties Involved:
  • Assignment: Three main parties—the landlord, the original tenant (the assignor), and the new tenant (the assignee).
  • Sublease: Two main parties—the original tenant (the “sublessor”) and the subtenant (the “sublessee”). The landlord isn’t a direct party in a sublease.
• Rights Transferred:
  • Assignment: The original tenant transfers all their rights under the rental agreement to the new tenant. The assignee takes over the lease for the rest of the term.
  • Sublease: The original tenant keeps their lease rights but grants the subtenant rights to use an entire rental unit (or part of it) for a certain period. The subtenant’s rights are secondary to the original tenant’s.
• Liability:
  • Assignment: The new tenant assumes liability for the lease, but the original tenant may remain secondarily answerable to the landlord if the assignee defaults.
  • Sublease: The original tenant remains fully liable to the landlord for the lease’s obligations. The subtenant is only responsible to the original tenant.
• Obligation to Pay Rent:
  • Assignment: The assignee pays rent to the landlord.
  • Sublease: The subtenant pays rent to the sublessor; they have no financial obligation to the landlord. The sublessor must make full rent payments to the landlord.
• Use of Property:
  • Assignment: The assignee can use the leased premises in the manner outlined in the original lease. Any conditions or restrictions that applied to the original tenant now apply to the assignee.
  • Sublease: The subtenant uses the property as described in the sublease, which may or may not be consistent with the original lease’s terms. The original tenant must ensure that the sublease’s terms don’t violate the original lease.
• Role of the Original Lease Agreement:
  • Assignment: The original lease agreement stays in effect, but all responsibilities transfer to the assignee. Any changes to the lease may require the landlord’s consent.
  • Sublease: The original lease governs the sublessor’s obligations, while the sublease dictates the sublessor-subtenant relationship. The sublease cannot override the original lease’s terms.
• Landlord Approval:
  • Assignment: The landlord must typically issue approval before the original tenant can assign the lease to a new tenant. Most leases have clauses that allow the landlord to approve or reject an assignment based on reasonable grounds.
  • Sublease: A sublease also typically requires the landlord’s consent. Some leases may allow subletting without further consent from the landlord, as landlords have fewer concerns because the original tenant keeps their promises in the lease.
• Involvement of Landlord:
  • Assignment: The landlord and the new tenant (the assignee) enter a relationship.
  • Sublease: The landlord has no direct involvement with the subtenant. The subtenant answers to the tenant, while the tenant answers to the landlord.

How to Choose Between Assigning a Lease and Subletting

Here are some factors that may influence your choice between assigning a lease and subletting:

• Duration of Need: Consider how long you plan to vacate the property. If you want the option to return, choose subletting. If you plan not to return, choose assigning the lease.
• Liability: Think about how much responsibility you want to have. Assigning a lease minimizes your liability, while subletting keeps you liable if the subtenant defaults.
• Lease Terms: Check your lease for an assignment or sublease clause. If your lease favors subletting and restricts assignments, you may opt for a sublease.
• Landlord’s Approval: If your landlord is willing to let you assign the lease to someone else, you may choose this option because it provides a cleaner break. However, it might be easier to get approval for a sublease than for an assignment.
• Control Over the Property: Subletting may be right for you if you wish to retain some control over the property. However, if you no longer have an interest in using or benefiting from the property, you may pursue a lease assignment.
• Market Conditions: In a renter’s market, you may be able to sublease to another individual and charge payments that cover your monthly rent and let you profit. If the rental market is weak in your area, you may opt to assign the lease instead.

Privity of Contract and Privity of Estate in Lease Assignments and Subleases

You can further distinguish between lease assignments and subleases by determining the presence or absence of the privity of contract and privity of estate between the involved parties:

• Privity of contract: A relationship between two parties that lets them enforce the terms of their contract against each other.
• Privity of estate: A relationship between two parties with an interest in the same property.

This table summarizes whether privity of contract and privity of estate exists between the parties in an assignment:

This table summarizes whether privity of contract and privity of estate exists between the parties in a sublease:

Example of Privity of Contract and Estate in an Assignment

Sophia owns Riverside Apartments. She leases Riverside Apartments to Mark for a term of 4 years. In the third year of the lease, Mark decides to assign his interest in Riverside Apartments to Jordan.

Here’s whether privity of contract and privity of estate exist between the parties:

• Sophia and Mark: Sophia and Mark retain privity of contract but not privity of estate because the original lease is still valid, but the interest in the property goes to Jordan.
• Sophia and Jordan: Sophia and Jordan maintain privity of estate because Jordan now holds the present interest in the property. Sophia doesn’t have privity of contract with Jordan, as the original lease agreement remains between Sophia and Mark.
• Mark and Jordan: Mark and Jordan share privity of contract because of their agreement regarding the lease assignment. However, they don’t have privity of estate because Mark no longer has a possessory interest in Riverside Apartments; he has fully transferred his rights to Jordan.

Example of Privity of Contract and Estate in a Sublease

David owns Greenfield Plaza. He leases Greenfield Plaza to Brittany for a five-year term. In the fourth year of the lease, Brittany decides to sublease her rights to Emily for the remaining year.

Here’s whether privity of contract and privity of estate exist between the parties:

• David and Brittany: David keeps privity of contract with Brittany because their original lease is still in effect. David also has privity of estate with Brittany, as she keeps a legal interest in the property.
• David and Emily: David and Emily don’t have privity of contract because the sublease is a separate agreement between Brittany and Emily. As a result, David has no direct legal obligations or rights concerning Emily. Furthermore, David and Emily have no privity of estate.
• Brittany and Emily: Brittany and Emily have privity of contract and privity of estate because of the sublease they entered into together.

Understanding the Differences Between Assignments and Subleases

Understanding the nuances between assignments and subleases can significantly impact tenants navigating their rental agreements. This knowledge helps them make informed decisions when circumstances require them to transfer or share their leased space.

Review your original lease, talk to your landlord, and talk to a lawyer to protect your interests and create flexibility in your living or business arrangements.