Every business has sensitive information it strives to protect from competitors. Such key information, if leaked, could seriously damage a company’s competitive advantage, bottom line, and reputation. As a result, it’s vital that businesses take measures to secure their secrets.
One of the most important measures you can take as a business owner is to use an NDA whenever necessary.
What is an NDA?
An NDA is a legally binding confidentiality agreement, or non-disclosure agreement, which restricts one or both signing parties from revealing confidential information to other sources.
Confidential items that an NDA might cover include:
- proprietary systems (like in-house software)
- internal data (like consumer behavior or business relationships)
- additional trade secrets (like food recipes)
If you breach an NDA, you could face serious legal consequences. Pay special attention to the terms before you sign an NDA.
When it comes to a confidentiality agreement vs. NDA agreement, laws don’t make a distinction between the two documents. Preferences for one word over the other can depend on the parties signing the agreement, the level of secrecy required, and the jurisdiction (countries such as Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada tend to favor the term confidentiality agreement).
Mutual vs. Non-Mutual
If an NDA is one-way or non-mutual, it means that only one of the parties is revealing confidential information (the “disclosing party”). This might be the case when a new staff member is asked to sign an employee NDA, agreeing that they (the “receiving party”) will not disclose protected information about the business. A non-mutual NDA is the most frequently used type of non-disclosure agreement.
With a mutual NDA, both parties reveal sensitive information, and both are required to maintain the confidentiality of each other’s secrets.
How Do Non-Disclosure Agreements Work?
Non-disclosure agreements work by legally binding two or more parties to specific terms of confidentiality, as laid out in the contract. If either party reveals confidential information that was covered by the NDA, the NDA is enforceable in a court of law.
An NDA agreement specifies how long one (or both) parties must maintain confidentiality. Signers of the contract may be bound to keep something secret forever by an NDA.
Oftentimes, a non-disclosure clause will also outline the penalties for breaching the contract. These penalties could include monetary compensation for lost profits or even criminal charges.
When Should You Use an NDA?
Divulging confidential information can be a necessary part of building your business, but you need to take measures to stop information from being leaked. Here are some of the occasions for when you should use an NDA:
- Seeking new investors
- Looking for business partners
- Securing new clients
- Hiring new employees
An interview NDA is a useful tool whenever your business needs to share proprietary or sensitive information with a job candidate or other third parties.
Additionally, when potential investors, clients, creditors, or suppliers need to be given confidential information about your company’s business, an NDA document signed by all parties creates trust and helps prevent theft of intellectual property.
Imagine you’re a start-up with a promising invention, and you need to give a detailed description of your new technology before investors will consider funding your venture. You might be concerned that your brilliant idea could be stolen, but a signed NDA will keep your invention or concept safe.
Another situation where you’d consider an NDA is if you’re hiring external consultants and they need access to sensitive data. Those consultants should sign an NDA agreeing to keep any shared data secret.
Existing employees may also sign non-disclosure agreements when involved in projects that must be kept confidential from your competitors.
While virtually unlimited, the type of information protected by NDAs often includes:
- proprietary recipes or formulas
- office passwords
- unique manufacturing processes
- inventions or prototypes
- sales contact lists
- patent applications
- financial figures
Furthermore, there are three key reasons to use an NDA if you’re working with third parties:
- Sensitive information is protected when the participants sign an NDA.
- With new products or concepts, an NDA can help the inventor maintain patent rights.
- An NDA differentiates exclusive or confidential information from publicly accessible information.
How to Write a Non-Disclosure Agreement
Whatever the reason you need a non-disclosure agreement, it should include the following important elements:
- Definitions and exclusions of the information covered
- Each party’s obligation to maintain confidentiality
- The time period the NDA covers
- Optional non-compete or non-solicitation clauses
When defining what constitutes confidential information, you must list the kinds of information the agreement covers. For example, marketing strategies, computer software, customer profiles, and supplier relationships. Be as specific as possible when defining the confidential information involved, so signatories understand exactly what must be kept secret.
Remember that the NDA cannot safeguard information that wasn’t explicitly included. If you want particular specifications, designs, pricing information, or other elements to be kept confidential, they must be described and written in the agreement.
You should also identify what information isn’t covered by the agreement. Exclusions can include publicly available data or information generated before the agreement was drafted.
A valid NDA agreement must also detail the obligations of all signing parties. This means that the person receiving the confidential information must be made aware of their duty to keep that information secret, and prevent others from accessing it.
For example, if a potential investor leaves a laptop on a train with easily accessible files containing your start-up’s confidential information, they’re likely breaching the terms of the NDA they signed.
The length of time the contract is in effect must also be outlined in an NDA. Details regarding the period of validity are usually open to negotiation.
Potential Problems with a Non-Disclosure Agreement
The following are reasons why your NDA might not be enforceable:
- Your definitions of what’s confidential aren’t specific.
- The parties aren’t named correctly.
- The scope is unreasonable.
- The confidential information referred to is available publicly.
- The NDA has been signed by somebody with insufficient authority.
Protecting confidential information is essential to running a successful business or developing a new product. Don’t let your trade secrets leak to the public — get a non-disclosure agreement.
